Synonyms for illuminate11/10/2022 ![]() ![]() For example, you could detect named entities in your documents using common named entity recognition (NER) frameworks and encode them in unique identifiers in your pre-processing pipeline or at ingest time. Sometimes enhancing documents in an ingest pipeline or some other client-side process is more flexible and manageable than using synonyms in the more restricted analysis process. Also consider the alternatives to synonym expansion in the analysis chain. But if the problem is more general, then using fuzzy queries or using character ngram techniques are more sustainable approaches. ![]() If there are only a handful of very common spelling mistakes, such as in an ecommerce setting, trying to correct these using synonyms is sometimes advisable. The same goes for correcting spelling errors. While this approach is possible, performance is usually worse and maintenance is harder than when using real stemmers or lemmatizers. For example, they’re sometimes used as a brute-force replacement of stemmers, with large synonyms files containing grammatical variations of verbs and nouns. Synonym filters are a very flexible tool, which leads people to overuse them in certain situations. We’ll discuss some advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches a bit later on. Synonyms filters, which can be used in custom analyzers, replace or add additional tokens based on user-defined rules, either at index time in order to store, for example, both variations of a word in an indexed document, or at query time in order to expand the query terms and to match more relevant documents. Since this is highly domain specific, users need to provide the appropriate rules. By providing appropriate synonyms rules, the search engineer can provide information about which words in their domain mean similar things and should thus be treated similarly.įor a search engine it is important to know which terms in documents and queries should match, even though they look different. “dog”), or simply denoting the same concept in two ways (“universe” or “cosmos”). “i-Pod”), small language differences (like British English “lift” vs. “pound”), different spelling variations of products in ecommerce search (“iPod” vs. In practice, this can range over general synonyms (“tired” vs. The origin of the term already shows that synonyms describe different words with exactly or nearly the same meaning in the same language or domain. The Greek origins of the word are the prefix σύν (syn, “together”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). Things like stemmers or fuzzy queries address some of the most common of these problems, but they don’t bridge the gap between relating concepts and ideas or between slightly different vocabulary usage in the documents and queries. The matching process when searching uses simple string similarity, which is the reason why even small spelling mistakes (“hous”) or the use of a plural of a word (“houses”) in a query won’t match a document containing only the singular (“house”). Documents and queries are analyzed and reduced to their smallest units, often called tokens, which are essentially abstract symbols. To understand the usefulness and flexibility of synonyms, let’s take a quick look at how most of today's search engines work internally. In addition to presenting this new API, this blog will answer some common questions around using synonyms and point out some frequent caveats around their use. The most notable is probably functionality that allows for reloading search-time analyzers, which in turn enables search-time synonyms to be changed and reloaded. There have been some recent improvements around analysis in Elasticsearch lately. Synonym filters are part of the analysis process that converts input text into searchable terms, and while they are relatively easy to get started with, their use can be quite varied and require some deeper understanding of concepts before applying them successfully in a real-world scenario. At the same time, some complexities and subtleties arising from their use are sometimes underestimated, even by advanced users. While novices sometimes underestimated their importance, almost no real-life search system can work without them. ![]() Using synonyms is undoubtedly one of the most important techniques in a search engineer's tool belt. ![]()
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